Research progress of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery / 药学学报

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the initiator of RNA interference and inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation of specific messenger RNA. siRNA-mediated gene regulation has high efficiency and specificity and exhibits great significance in the treatment of diseases. However, the naked or unmodified siRNA has poor stability, easy to degrade by nuclease, short half-life, and low intracellular delivery. As an emerging non-viral nucleic acid delivery system, ionizable lipid nanoparticles play an important role in improving the druggability of siRNA. At present, one siRNA drug based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles has been approved for the treatment of rare disease. This review introduces the research progress in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, focusing on the effect of each component of lipid nanoparticles on the efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which provides new references for the studies on ionizable lipid nanocarriers for siRNA delivery.

Advances in orthokeratology for myopic anisometropia control / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopic anisometropia is a special type of refractive error. As the prevalence of myopia has rapidly increased worldwide in recent years, the prevalence of myopic anisometropia is also growing year by year. Anisometropia can cause aniseikonia of the retinal and fusion impairment, leading the problems such as asthenopia, monocular suppression, amblyopia, and stereopsis disorder, which results in negative effects on patients' work and life. Therefore, it is crucial for children to discover myopic anisometropia in early stage and take effective measures in time to delay the progression of it. At present, a wide range of research has been conducted to study the methods that control the progression of myopia among children. It has been found that orthokeratology lens(OK lens)can effectively slow the progression of myopic anisometropia. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of how orthokeratology control myopic anisometropia, its effect on delaying the progression of myopic anisometropia, and its impact on stereopsis among children with myopic anisometropia, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of myopic anisometropia in the future.

Qishen Taohong Granule () as Adjuvant Therapy for Improving Cardiac Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To confirm the improvement of cardiac function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) via Chinese medicine (CM) Qishen Taohong Granule (, QTG).@*METHODS@#This study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Seventy-six patients from 27 to 84 years old diagnosed with CHF New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or III in stage C were enrolled and randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive QTG or trimetazidine (TMZ), in addition to their standard medications for the treatment of CHF. The study period was 4 weeks. The primary outcomes included cardiac function evaluated by NYHA classification and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as QOL evaluated by CHF Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Survival Scale (CHFQLS). The secondary outcomes included 6-min walking test (6MWT), CM syndrome score, symptom and sign scores and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). All indices were measured at baseline and the end of the trial.@*RESULTS@#At the 4-week follow-up period, the effective rate according to NYHA classification in the QTG group was better than that in the TMZ group (74.29% vs. 54.29%, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in post-treatment level of LVEF between the two groups (P>0.05). The CHFQLS scores improved by 13.82±6.04 vs. 7.49±2.28 in the QTG and TMZ groups, respectively (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis of the CHFQLS results showed that physiological function, role limitation and vitality were significantly higher in the QTG group than in the TMZ group (15.76±7.85 vs. 7.40±3.36, P<0.05; 16.00±8.35 vs. 10.53±4.64, P<0.05; 15.31±8.09 vs. 7.89±4.60, P<0.05). Compared with TMZ group, treatment with QTG also demonstrated superior performance with respect to 6MWT, CM syndrome, shortness of breath, fatigue, gasping, general edema and NT-proBNP level. No significant adverse reactions or adverse cardiac events occurred during treatment in either group.@*CONCLUSION@#In addition to conventional treatments, the use of QTG as an adjuvant therapy significantly improved cardiac function and QOL in patients with CHF class II or III in stage C. [Registration No. ChiCTR1900022036 (retrospectively registered)].

Genetic Analysis and Prenatal Diagnosis of a Family with Hereditary Spherocytosis Caused by a Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation of SPTB Gene / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), to clarify the cause of the disease, and to provide the basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of proband and his parents were collected, and HS-related pathogenic genovariation of the proband was detected by high throughput sequencing. Suspected pathogenic mutation sites were verified by PCR-Sanger sequencing, and the fetus were conceived by a proband mother underwent prenatal diagnosis.@*RESULTS@#Clinical manifestations of the proband showed moderate anemia, mild splenomegaly, and jaundice (an indirect increase of bilirubin). The gene detection showed that the proband showed compound heterozygous mutations of SPTB gene c. 6095T > C (p.Leu2032Pro) and c. 6224A > G (p.Glu2075Gly), which was inherited from the asymptomatic mother and father, respectively. Both mutations were detected rarely in the common population. Prenatal diagnosis revealed that the fetus inherited a mutant gene of the mother.@*CONCLUSION@#The compound heterozygous mutations of SPTB genes c.6095T>C (p.Leu2032Pro) and c.6224A>G (p.Glu2075Gly) were the causes of the family disease, which provides a basis for family genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. This report is the first one found in the HGMD,1000G and EXAC database, which provides an addition to the mutation profile of the SPTB gene.

Molecular Mechanism of Medicinal Pair Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the action mechanism of medicinal pair Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix against diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM） based on network pharmacology and<italic> in vivo </italic>animal experiment. Method:The active ingredients and targets of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM）， and the relevant targets of DCM from the disease database. The common specific targets between the medicinal pair and DCM obtained via comparison were used for constructing the main active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix-DCM-target network， followed by protein-protein interaction （PPI） analysis of compound-DCM common targets and the screening of important modules using Molecular Complex Detection （MCODE） plugin. The gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was carried out based on DAVID for exploring the possible molecular mechanisms， which were then subjected to experimental verification. Result:A total of 126 core targets of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix for treating DCM were screened out based on network pharmacology. As indicated by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis， the above-mentioned key targets might be related to such pathways as inflammatory response， oxidative stress， insulin resistance， and apoptosis. The findings of <italic>in vivo</italic> animal experiments demonstrated that Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix delayed high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury of DCM rats， suggesting that this medicinal pair intervened in the pathological process to a certain extent. Conclusion:Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix alleviates DCM possibly by acting on multiple targets including interleukin-6， vascular endothelial growth factor A， tumor necrosis factor， TP53 gene， and nuclear transcription factor， regulating apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism， and improving oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The research based on network pharmacology and experimental verification has provided new ideas for investigating the pathogenesis of DCM and its clinical treatment.

Analysis of the Types of Thalassemia Gene Mutations in Nanping Area of Fujian, China / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigation the types and frequencies of thalassemia gene mutations in pregnant population in Nanping area of Fujian Province, so as to provide a basis for prevention and control of birth children with moderate and severe thalassaemia in this area.@*METHODS@#The genotyping of α and β thalassemia was performed using the gap-PCR (gap-PCR) technique combined with reverse dot blot (RDB). The genotyping test was performed by Gap-PCR for three rare deficient thalassemia. The cases with negative detection were further detected by Sanger sequencing method, so as to identify rare α or β thalassemia mutation.@*RESULTS@#1120 specimens were genotyped for thalassemia, out of them 547 thalassemia genes were determined. The detection rate was 48.8% (547/1120). 340 specimens were diagnosed as α thalassemia, and the detection rate was 30.6%, including 266 cases of --/αα, 44 cases of -α/αα, 12 cases of -α/αα, 8 cases of αα/αα,. 3 cases of Hb H disease ( 2 cases of --/-α, 1 case of --/-α), 2 cases of αα/αα, 2 cases of αα/αα, 1 case of -α/-α, and 1 case of -α/αα. Also, they contain 11 cases of rare α thalassemia, 8 kinds of rare types of α thalassemia mutations in combination, such as 4 cases of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, 1 case of αα/αα, and 1 case of --/αα. Among them, 5 α mutation sites were first reported, namely αα, αα, αα, αα and αα; 2 α thalassemia mutation sites: αα and -- were detected again in the Chinese population, respectively. 188 specimens were diagnosed as β thalassemia with a detection rate of 16.8%. Among them, 68 cases of β/βN, 47 cases of β/βN, 20 cases of β/βN, 17 cases of β/βN, 7 cases of β/βN, 7 cases of βE/βN, 3 cases of β/βN and 2 cases of β/βN. And 17 cases were diagnosed as rare β thalassemia, 8 kinds of rare types were β thalassemia mutations in combination. There were 4 cases of β/βN, 3 cases of β/βN, 3 cases of β/βN, 2 cases of β/βN, 2 cases of β/βN, 1 case of β/βN, 1 case of β/βN, 1 case of β/βN. Among them, 3 β thalassemia mutation sites were reported for the first time, namely β, β and β; it was found that in the Chinese population as β, β, β, β, and β, respectively. 19 cases were diagnosed as αβ-complex thalassemia, out of which 15 types of thalassemia mutation combinations were detected. They contain 2 cases of rare αβ-complex thalassemia, which are αα/αα complex β/βN, αα in α1/αα complex β/βN.@*CONCLUSION@#The types of thalassemia gene mutations in Nanping area of Fujian province are genetically heterogeneous. The prevention and control strategies of thalassaemia in this area should be based on the prevention and treatment of common α thalassemia and β thalassaemia. And the attention should be paid to the types of rare and unknown gene mutations using screening and testing method.

Standardized endoscopic evaluation and treatment of early gastric cancer / 中国实用外科杂志

Endoscopic resection is becoming the preferred primary treatment for early gastric cancer with a low incidence of lymph node metastasis. There have been published guidelines and consensus on the standardized endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in recent years. As part of the standardized endoscopic process, risk stratification regarding gastric cancer should be performed prior to gastroscopy. This is followed by a systematic gastroscopic mapping. The pre-malignant mucosal changes should be noted during screening. Chromoendoscopy and Image-Enhanced Endoscopy are recommended to assist the preoperative diagnosis for any suspicious lesion. Indication for endoscopic resection is according to the pathologic findings post biopsy. There are two main goals of a successful endoscopic resection: en bloc resection and negative margins. The final pathological diagnosis should be comprehensive and systematic. Follow-up surveillance or additional surgery should be based on the eCure system.

Unbiased transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct effects of immune deficiency in CNS function with and without injury

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is considered an immune privileged system as it is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Yet, immune functions have been postulated to heavily influence the functional state of the CNS, especially after injury or during neurodegeneration. There is controversy regarding whether adaptive immune responses are beneficial or detrimental to CNS injury repair. In this study, we utilized immunocompromised SCID mice and subjected them to spinal cord injury (SCI). We analyzed motor function, electrophysiology, histochemistry, and performed unbiased RNA-sequencing. SCID mice displayed improved CNS functional recovery compared to WT mice after SCI. Weighted gene-coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of spinal cord transcriptomes revealed that SCID mice had reduced expression of immune function-related genes and heightened expression of neural transmission-related genes after SCI, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis and was consistent with better functional recovery. Transcriptomic analyses also indicated heightened expression of neurotransmission-related genes before injury in SCID mice, suggesting that a steady state of immune-deficiency potentially led to CNS hyper-connectivity. Consequently, SCID mice without injury demonstrated worse performance in Morris water maze test. Taken together, not only reduced inflammation after injury but also dampened steady-state immune function without injury heightened the neurotransmission program, resulting in better or worse behavioral outcomes respectively. This study revealed the intricate relationship between immune and nervous systems, raising the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of neural function via immune modulation.

Polysaccharide extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala promote intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating the polyamine-mediated K channel / 中国天然药物

Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control media or media containing spermidine (5 μmol·L, SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (2.5 mmol·L, DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine (40 μmol·L, 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM (50, 100, or 200 mg·L), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca ([Ca]) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca] and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls (P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca], but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased (P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0 : 14.1 : 0.3 : 19.9 : 181.3 : 6.3 in RA and 1.0 : 4.3 : 0.1 : 5.7 : 2.8 : 2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.

The relationship between hereditaryspherocytosis and protein 4.2 / 医学研究生学报

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common hereditary hemolytic disease. The molecular pathogenesis of HS involves gene mutations, which lead to deficiency or absence of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Five major pathogenic genes of SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1 and EPB42 had been found, and they encode α-spectrin, β-spectrin, ankyrin, band 3 and protein 4.2 respectively. There are many reports about gene mutations of EPB42, which cause deficiency or absence of protein 4.2 abroad. However, few scholars study the correlation between HS and protein 4.2 in China. This review describe the advances of the relationship between HS and protein 4.2 in detail.

Efficacy of combined therapies on keloid / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate comprehensive therapy in the treatment of keloid effect and the patients' satisfaction.Methods A total of 523 patients with comprehensive treatment,according to the treatment,were divided into group A (surgery combined radiotherapy) and group B (surgery plus corticosteroids),group C (hyperbaric oxygen in combination with radiotherapy),and the therapeutic effect of patients with satisfaction was analyzed.Results Total effective rate of three groups of patients were 69.47％,89.13％,90.32％,respectively.Effective rate in group A was higher than that of group B and group C,there was statistically significant difference between groups A and C (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference between the group A and group B (P＞0.05).Difference was statistically significant between three groups of patients' satisfaction,group B better than group A and group C,the difference between group B and C group was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Effectiveness of the three combined therapies is obvious,in which radiotherapy plus hyperbaric oxygen is most effective.

Changes in T helper lymphocytes and their subsets in children with tic disorders / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes in T helper lymphocytes and their subsets in children with tic disorders (TD) and their clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of T helper lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood of children with TD and healthy children (controls).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was significantly lower in the TD group than in the control group (P<0.001). The abnormal rate of T helper lymphocytes in the TD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (68.7% vs 18.8%; P<0.001). The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was negatively correlated with Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score (r=-0.3945, P<0.001). As for the subsets of T helper lymphocytes, the TD group had a significantly higher percentage of Th1 cells and a significantly lower percentage of Th2 cells compared with the control group (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The abnormality of T helper lymphocytes and the imbalance of their subsets may be associated with the pathogenesis of TD in children. The percentage of T helper lymphocytes can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of TD.</p>

Application of High Resolution Melting Curve Analysis in Detection of SLC4A1 Gene Mutation in Patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of high resolution melting(HRM) curve analysis to detect SLC4A1 gene D38A and K56E mutations in the patients with hereditary spherocytosis(HS).@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood was collected from 23 cases of HS for routine tests and their genomic DNA was extracted by routine technique. Specific primers of mutation sites D38A and K56E of SLC4A1 gene were designed. The HRM method was used to analyze all the samples, and then the results of HRM were verified with DNA sequencing technology.@*RESULTS@#Among 23 specimens of HS patients, 6 cases of heterozygous mutant gene were detected by HRM technology, including 3 cases of D38A mutation and 3 cases of K56E mutation, which were confirmed by DNA sequencing.@*CONCLUSION@#The HRM technology can correctly detect 2 common mutation sites including D38A and K56E in SLC4A1 gene in an efficient, fast, and reliable way, which not only can be used for clinical diagnosis, but also expected to be a new method for clinical researchers to define gene mutation spectrum in HS patients.

Polysaccharide extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala promote intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating the polyamine-mediated K channel / 中国天然药物

Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control media or media containing spermidine (5 μmol·L, SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (2.5 mmol·L, DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine (40 μmol·L, 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM (50, 100, or 200 mg·L), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca ([Ca]) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca] and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls (P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca], but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased (P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0 : 14.1 : 0.3 : 19.9 : 181.3 : 6.3 in RA and 1.0 : 4.3 : 0.1 : 5.7 : 2.8 : 2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals gene signatures and alterations associated with aging in distinct neural stem/progenitor cell subpopulations

Aging associated cognitive decline has been linked to dampened neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) activities manifested by decreased proliferation, reduced propensity to produce neurons, and increased differentiation into astrocytes. While gene transcription changes objectively reveal molecular alterations of cells undergoing various biological processes, the search for molecular mechanisms underlying aging of NSC/NPCs has been confronted by the enormous heterogeneity in cellular compositions of the brain and the complex cellular microenvironment where NSC/NPCs reside. Moreover, brain NSC/NPCs themselves are not a homogenous population, making it even more difficult to uncover NSC/NPC sub-type specific aging mechanisms. Here, using both population-based and single cell transcriptome analyses of young and aged mouse forebrain ependymal and subependymal regions and comprehensive "big-data" processing, we report that NSC/NPCs reside in a rather inflammatory environment in aged brain, which likely contributes to the differentiation bias towards astrocytes versus neurons. Moreover, single cell transcriptome analyses revealed that different aged NSC/NPC subpopulations, while all have reduced cell proliferation, use different gene transcription programs to regulate age-dependent decline in cell cycle. Interestingly, changes in cell proliferation capacity are not influenced by inflammatory cytokines, but likely result from cell intrinsic mechanisms. The Erk/Mapk pathway appears to be critically involved in regulating age-dependent changes in the capacity for NSC/NPCs to undergo clonal expansion. Together this study is the first example of using population and single cell based transcriptome analyses to unveil the molecular interplay between different NSC/NPCs and their microenvironment in the context of the aging brain.

Analysis on breast repair and reconstruction after conserving surgery for upper inner quadrant breast cancer / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the clinical effect of adjacent flap on immediate breast repair in conserving surgery for upper inner quadrant breast cancer.Methods A total of 100 women with breast cancer treated in our hospital from August 2012 to August 2016 were selected as the study subjects.According to the different surgical methods,46 cases were divided into control group and 54 cases in observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.The patients in the observation group were treated with adjacent flap for immediate repair of breast defect in breast conserving surgery.The quality of life,the follow-up results and between the two groups were compared.The cosmetic effect of the observation group was evaluated.Results At 6 months after operation,the physiological function,affective function,physical pain,social function,physiological limitations,vitality,mental health and overall health score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in local recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate,non-survival rate,loss of follow-up or mortality between the two groups (P ＞0.05).The excellent and good rate of breast cosmetic effect was 96.3％ after surgery in observation group.The satisfaction rate of observation group was 92.59％ (50/54),the control group was 45.46％ (21/46),the difference was statistically significant (x =26.582,P =0.000).Conclusion The clinical effect of repairing breast defect by using adjacent flap transfer is very effective in improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis.

A preliminary study of the CaO/ZnO nanocore-shell structured antibacterial material / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the antimicrobial properties of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles.Methods:The CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method.The pH and calcium ion release from the samples which composed of eugenol and nanoparticles were examined respectively.The form of the particles was observed under electron microscope,the ions were analysed by inductively coupled plasma(ICP).The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT).Results:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were spherical with core-shell structure and with the diameter of 80-90 nm.The calcium ion release and pH were gradually increasing from the nanoparticles in PBS.The antibacterial activity of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles-eugenol was significantly greater than that of iRoot SP and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer(P<0.01).Conclusion:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles possess antibacterial activity.

Expression of Class I and Class II a/b Histone Deacetylase is Dysregulated in Hypertensive Animal Models

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dysregulation of histone deacetylase expression and enzymatic activity is associated with a number of diseases. It has been reported that protein levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 and HDAC5 increase during human pulmonary hypertension, and that the enzymatic activity of HDAC6 is induced in a chronic hypertensive animal model. This study investigated the protein expression profiles of class I and II a/b HDACs in three systemic hypertension models. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used three different hypertensive animal models: (i) Wistar-Kyoto rats (n=8) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n=8), (ii) mice infused with saline or angiotensin II to induce hypertension, via osmotic mini-pump for 2 weeks, and (iii) mice that were allowed to drink L-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to induce hypertension. RESULTS: SHR showed high systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Similar increases in systolic blood pressure were observed in angiotensin II or L-NAME-induced hypertensive mice. In SHR, class IIa HDAC (HDAC4, 5, and 7) and class IIb HDAC (HDAC6 and 10) protein expression were significantly increased. In addition, a HDAC3 protein expression was induced in SHR. However, in L-NAME mice, class IIa HDAC protein levels (HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9) were significantly reduced. HDAC8 protein levels were significantly reduced both in angiotensin II mice and in SHR. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that dysregulation of class I and class II HDAC protein is closely associated with chronic hypertension.

Long-term effects and safety of botulinum toxin type A in facial beauty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injections on facial beauty and its long-term safety.Methods A total of 33 beauty-seekers with botulinum toxin type A treatment for more than five years were reviewed as observation group,using digital muscle palpation meter (Myoton PRO) for the determination of the orbicularis oculi muscle and masseter muscle tension (F),the muscle characteristic parameters,such as muscle hardness (S) using a homemade facial questionnaire test for satisfactory rate of beauty from both beauty-seekers and physicians.At sametime,33 normal adults that never accepted botulinum toxin injection with matched age and gender were collected as control group.The same-sex indicators were dtermined and compared with using statistic analysis t test.Results The pairwised parameters of the same sex and site were comparied between the two groups;average F and S values in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,but no statistically significant difference were observed between the two groups (P＞0.05);in the observation group,average appearance age was 7.3 years younger than the control group,and the facial shape improved significantly.Conclusions Long-term and repeated application of botulinum toxin A is able to remove crow's feet and decrease the masseter and so the injection is safe with high satisfaction to beauty-seekers.

Correlation Study on Chinese Medical Syndrome Types of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Patients, Hp, and IL-1β Polymorphism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between Chinese medical (CM) syndrome types of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, polymorphisms of IL-1B, and IL-1β.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 192 CAG patients and 202 healthy subjects (as the healthy control group) were recruited in this case-control study. The Hp infection was tested by 13C-urea breath test and colloidal gold-labeled assay (GICA). The concentration of peripheral blood IL-1β was measured by ELISA. The polymorphisms of IL-1B gene in the promoter region were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pi-Wei weakness syndrome (PWWS) was dominant in CAG patients (31.77%, 61/192 cases). The Hp infection ratio in CAG patients was 53.65% (103/192 cases), of which, Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome(PWDHS, 64.86%, 24/37 cases) and Gan-Wei disharmony syndrome (GWDS, 66.67%, 24/36 cases) were dominant. Compared with the health control group, the plasma concentration of IL-1β was obviously elevated in CAG patients with PWDHS, GWDS, and static blood obstructing collaterals syndrome (SBOCS) (all P < 0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the distribution of polymorphisms in the promoter region of IL-1 B gene between the CAG patients and the healthy control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence risk of CAG was not associated with IL-1B polymorphism. But CM syndrome types of CAG patients was associated with Hp infection and peripheral blood IL-1β levels.</p>